Phenotypic Characterization of Virulence Factors in Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella typhi Serovars Isolated from Clinical Specimens in Bauchi Metropolis

Background: Typhoid fever is one of the most common infectious diseases in developing countries including Nigeria. Globally, typhoid an important cause morbidity and mortality many regions world. People at risk for serious complications due to Salmonella infections include older adults, pregnant women, infants, children, people who have compromised immune systems.
 Design Duration: The study involves collection blood stool specimens across all ages gender between 0-70 years present with diarrhoea among other symptoms selected hospitals within Bauchi from January 2019 August 2020.
 Aim: aim this research phenotypically characterize virulence factors Multidrug-Resistant typhi serovars isolated clinical Bauchi.
 Materials Methods: A total 518 were collected health facilities metropolis determine presence Salmonellae pathogens. Phenotypic identification was performed using standard microbiological procedures, investigated Kirby Bauer Disk Diffusion method used determination antimicrobial susceptibility Multidrug Resistant pattern isolates.
 Results Discussion: Highest number patients fever. Age groups 31-40 0-10 had highest frequencies occurrence respectively while age group 61-70 least. There no significant difference isolates as p>0. 05. frequency S. found Female Males recorded lowest. positive samples 31(21.6%) least 17(4. 5%). Flagella 18(37.5%) 48 prevalent. Haemolysin prevalent 4(8.3%) our study. In study, 37(77.0%) resistant 2 or more agents (Multidrug resistance). resistance observed Oxacillin 46(95.8%). sensitive Ciprofloxacin 31(64.5%), Colistin Sulphate 29(60.4%), Ceftriaxone 28(58.3%). All 48(100%) Multidrug-resistant Ciprofloxacin, Sulphate, Ceftriaxone, Amikacin.
 Conclusion: This established that middle group, female out-patient cases fever, diarrhoea, sometimes both. Most recovered than blood. Of 48(9.2%) produced two virulent factors, flagella commonest MDR isolates; which indicative a relationship multidrug resistance. emergence multidrug-resistant strains has added urgent need development effective control measures.